http://www.jnrtmns.net/index.php/jnrt <p style="font-weight: 400;">Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies (JNRT) is a bi-annual scientific and technology journal related to the use of nuclear science, engineering, technology and economy in the fields of medicine, industry, agriculture, forensic, sustainabilty and research. It was first published in 1983 (known as&nbsp;<strong>Jurnal Sains Nuklear Malaysia</strong>) by the Tun Ismail Atomic Research Centre (currently known as Malaysian Nuclear Agency). Since 1999, the management and publication of this journal was entrusted to the Malaysian Nuclear Society (MNS). Under MNS JNRT expands its editorial board to include local as well as international experts in various fields related to the thrust of this journal.&nbsp; The new JNRT cover depicts part of the MNS logo, as well as the full MNS logo at the bottom left of the cover page.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;">The Editorial Board of JNRT and MNS welcome and thank contributors to this journal. The statements and opinions expressed in the published articles and the communication herein are those of the author(s) and not necessarily of the editor(s) or the publisher.&nbsp; The Editorial Board of JNRT, MNS and the publisher claim no responsibility to any omissions or inaccuracies, nor guarantee their contents.</p> The Malaysian Nuclear Society (MNS) en-US JOURNAL of NUCLEAR and Related TECHNOLOGIES 1823-0180 http://www.jnrtmns.net/index.php/jnrt/article/view/283 Hafizal Yazid et al, Dr ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-12-30 2025-12-30 1 8 http://www.jnrtmns.net/index.php/jnrt/article/view/284 <p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p> <p>Using the YXLON Y.XMB 225 radiographic system and Agfa Structurix D7 films, this study examines the impact of varying collimator aperture sizes on X-ray film density. Two collimators, sized 14 mm × 53.5 mm and 34 mm × 45 mm, were applied to steel specimens under identical exposure parameters, both with and without collimators. Film densities were measured using a densitometer and assessed against the acceptance thresholds specified in ASME Section V. All radiographs met the minimum density requirements, and no significant differences were observed between the different collimator configurations. While density remained largely unaffected, the use of collimators notably enhanced image contrast and reduced scatter radiation. Additionally, the implementation of collimators was shown to lower radiation exposure to personnel, supporting improved safety conditions. Although aperture size has minimal influence on film density, this study highlights the continued importance of collimators in radiographic imaging to improve image quality and ensure radiation safety in industrial applications.</p> <p><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p> <p>Menggunakan sistem radiografi YXLON Y.XMB 225 dan filem Agfa Structurix D7, kajian ini mengkaji kesan saiz apertur kolimator yang berbeza-beza pada ketumpatan filem sinar-X. Dua kolimator, bersaiz 14 mm × 53.5 mm dan 34 mm × 45 mm, digunakan pada spesimen keluli di bawah parameter pendedahan yang sama, kedua-duanya dengan dan tanpa kolimator. Ketumpatan filem diukur menggunakan densitometer dan dinilai berdasarkan ambang penerimaan yang dinyatakan dalam ASME Bahagian V. Semua radiograf memenuhi keperluan ketumpatan minimum, dan tiada perbezaan ketara diperhatikan antara konfigurasi kolimator yang berbeza. Walaupun ketumpatan sebahagian besarnya kekal tidak terjejas, penggunaan kolimator terutamanya meningkatkan kontras imej dan mengurangkan sinaran serakan. Selain itu, pelaksanaan kolimator telah ditunjukkan untuk mengurangkan pendedahan radiasi kepada kakitangan, menyokong keadaan keselamatan yang lebih baik. Walaupun saiz apertur mempunyai pengaruh yang minimum pada ketumpatan filem, kajian ini menyerlahkan kepentingan berterusan kolimator dalam pengimejan radiografi untuk meningkatkan kualiti imej dan memastikan keselamatan sinaran dalam aplikasi industri.</p> Amer Hazreq Haron et al ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-12-30 2025-12-30 9 19 http://www.jnrtmns.net/index.php/jnrt/article/view/285 <p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p> <p>The objective of this research is to optimally design an arrangement for BNCT facility at a beam line through the thermal column of Malaysian TRIGA MARK II Reactor. There is no similar research had been done at this thermal column and all TRIGA reactors have different characteristics. The characteristics of the neutron beam needed are thermal neutron with a flux of 10⁹ ncm^-2s^-1. Collimator, moderator and shielding components (room) with reactor core and thermal column were simulated with Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code (MCNP). Facility design was made with CATIA software. Flux of neutron outside the treatment room is zero. This means that the treatment room can shield the neutron effectively.&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p> <p>Objektif penyelidikan ini adalah untuk mereka bentuk secara optimum susunan kemudahan BNCT pada garis rasuk melalui lohong terma Reaktor TRIGA MARK II Malaysia. Tiada kajian serupa telah dilakukan di lohong terma ini dan semua reaktor TRIGA mempunyai ciri yang berbeza. Ciri-ciri rasuk neutron yang diperlukan ialah neutron terma dengan fluks 10⁹ ncm^-2s^-1. Komponen kolimator, penyederhana dan pelindung (bilik) dengan teras reaktor dan lohong terma telah disimulasikan dengan Kod Pengangkutan N-Zarah Monte Carlo (MCNP). Reka bentuk kemudahan dibuat dengan perisian CATIA. Fluks neutron di luar bilik rawatan adalah sifar. Ini bermakna bilik rawatan boleh melindungi neutron dengan berkesan.</p> MOHD RAFI MOHD SOLLEH et al, Dr ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-12-30 2025-12-30 20 26 http://www.jnrtmns.net/index.php/jnrt/article/view/286 <p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p> <p>Radiation induced synthesis provides a clean, scalable, and energy efficient route for producing metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) with controlled characteristics. This work reports the successful synthesis of tin oxide (SnO₂) NPs through gamma irradiation of aqueous SnCl₂ solutions under nitrogen purged conditions. Seven formulations varying in precursor concentration, stabilizer content, and absorbed dose (0–100 kGy) were systematically evaluated using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The optimized formulation 0.05 M SnCl₂ without PVP produced highly uniform NPs with a Z-Average of 9.367 nm and a PDI of 0.096. When 1% PVP was introduced, although the Z-Average revealed 25.90 nm and PDI was 0.312, the primary peak remained narrow at 10.43 nm, but additional peaks at 270.8 nm and 4452 nm indicated the formation of secondary agglomerates. These findings demonstrate that precursor concentration, stabilizer content, and irradiation dose critically influence nucleation and growth, enabling the reproducible production of sub 10 nm SnO₂ NPs suitable for integration into polymer-based nanocomposites and gas sensing applications.&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p> <p>Sintesis teraruh sinaran menyediakan laluan yang bersih, berskala dan cekap tenaga untuk menghasilkan nanozarah logam oksida (NP) dengan ciri terkawal. Kerja ini melaporkan kejayaan sintesis NP oksida timah (SnO₂) melalui penyinaran gamma larutan SnCl₂ berair di bawah keadaan dibersihkan nitrogen. Tujuh formulasi yang berbeza dalam kepekatan prekursor, kandungan penstabil, dan dos yang diserap (0–100 kGy) dinilai secara sistematik menggunakan penyerakan cahaya dinamik (DLS) dan mikroskop elektron penghantaran (TEM). Formulasi yang dioptimumkan 0.05 M SnCl₂ tanpa PVP menghasilkan NP yang sangat seragam dengan Z-Purata 9.367 nm dan PDI 0.096. Apabila 1% PVP diperkenalkan, walaupun Z-Average mendedahkan 25.90 nm dan PDI ialah 0.312, puncak utama kekal sempit pada 10.43 nm, tetapi puncak tambahan pada 270.8 nm dan 4452 nm menunjukkan pembentukan aglomerat sekunder. Penemuan ini menunjukkan bahawa kepekatan prekursor, kandungan penstabil dan dos penyinaran secara kritikal mempengaruhi nukleasi dan pertumbuhan, membolehkan pengeluaran boleh dihasilkan semula sub 10 nm SnO₂ NP yang sesuai untuk penyepaduan ke dalam nanokomposit berasaskan polimer dan aplikasi penderiaan gas.</p> Muhammad Aidell Amir et al ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-12-30 2025-12-30 27 32